Shall

Etymology
From the sceal "I shall, I must, I owe, ought to, must"; past tense sceolde, "I should, ought". A common Germanic preterite-present verb from Proto-Germanic *skal-, *skul- meaning "to owe, be under obligation". Allied to scyld "debt, guilt" through the past tense sceolde.

Compare Dutch zal.

Pronunciation

 * , {{SAMPA|/"S{l/}}

Verb

 * I shall sing in the choir tomorrow
 * (determination): You shall go to the ball!
 * (obligation): Citizens shall provide proof of identity.
 * Shall we go out later?
 * 1)  To owe.
 * Shall we go out later?
 * 1)  To owe.
 * 1)  To owe.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * French: shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense
 * I shall sing tomorrow - Je chanterai demain
 * Italian: shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense
 * I shall sing tomorrow - Canterò domani


 * Norwegian:
 * Swedish: ska
 * West Frisian:


 * French: (indicating determination) shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense, which can be emphasised using "bien" or a similar adverbial construction; (indicating obligation) devoir, être obligé de
 * You shall go to the ball! - Mais tu iras bien au bal! or Ah oui, tu iras au bal!
 * Citizens shall provide identity - Les citoyens doivent fournir une pièce d'identité or Les citoyens sont obligés de fournir une pièce d'identité
 * Italian: (indicating determination) shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense, which can be emphasised using "sì che" or a similar adverbial construction; (indicating obligation) dovere, essere obbligato di
 * You shall go to the ball! - Sì che andrai al ballo!
 * Citizens shall provide identity - I cittadini devono fornire identificazione or I cittadini sono obbligati a fornire identificazione


 * Latin: debeo
 * Norwegian:
 * Swedish: borde


 * French: shall followed by the infinitive is translated by si and the imperfect tense, or, informally, without si and with the present tense
 * Shall we go out later? - Si nous sortions plus tard? or Sortons plus tard?


 * Italian: shall followed by the infinitive is translated by the present tense
 * Shall we go out later? - Usciamo più tardi?
 * Norwegian:
 * Swedish: ska

Anagrams

 * halls

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